If we look back to the past history of Vietnam we can follow a different history. Vietnam has suffered different invasion in different time. In all the time it has successfully come up by overcoming the whole problem.
In 221 BC the Ch’in dynasty in China completed its conquest of neighboring states. This dynasty became the first that rule over a united China. But the Ch'in Empire did not survive for a longer time. With the death of its dynamic founder Shih Huang Ti the dynasty fell down. The impact of its collapse soon felt in the socio economic structure of Vietnam.
The Chinese commander in the south constructed his own kingdom of Nam Viet in the remains of the Ch’in Empire.
Chinese armies conquered Nam Viet in 111 BC. They also absorbed Nam Viet into the growing Han Empire.
Chinese rulers first tried to rule through local chieftains. But later they attempted to incorporate Vietnam culturally and also politically into the Han Empire. Some of the Chinese administrators were imported to replace the local landed nobility.
The pattern of political institutions changed in accordance with the Chinese model. It has been seen that Confucianism became the official ideology. The Chinese language became most important. The rulers introduced Chinese language as the medium of official and also literary expression. Chinese ideographs were followed as the written figure for the Vietnamese spoken language.
Chinese architecture, art, and music worked a powerful affect on their Vietnamese counterparts. In AD 39 a renowned early revolt took place. At that time two widows of local aristocrats, popularly known as Trung sisters, led an arising against foreign rule. It was a successful revolt. The older sister, Trung Trac, was the ruler of an independent state. Chinese armies returned back. But again in AD 43 Vietnam was recaptured.
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