Vietnamese history is very interesting to study. The historians and archaeologists spend years after years while studying about the place. The territorial expansion in Vietnam can be discussed in an interesting way.
Vietnam became a dynamic force in Southeast Asia under the rule of the Ly dynasty and also its successor the Tran. The time period was 1225-1400.
Later china rulers attacked Vietnam. They had not deserted the historic objective of controlling the Red River delta. In the 13th century the Mongol dynasty came to power. At that time the armies of Kublai Khan attacked Vietnam. It was done in an effort to incorporate it into the Chinese Empire.
The Vietnamese always resisted with energy. After various bitter conflicts with the opponents they defeated the encroachers and also drove them back over the border. For different centuries, the Vietnamese state had been limited to its region in the Red River valley and also adjacent hills.
On numerous occasions, Cham armies came through Vietnamese defenses. They also occupied the capital near Hanoi. More often, Vietnamese troops were triumphant. In the process they gradually drove Champa to the south.
Eventually, in the 15th century, Vietnamese powers captured the Cham capital. They nearly destroyed the kingdom. For the next few generations, Vietnam preceded its historic ‘march to the south’. They wipe up the leftovers of the Cham Kingdom and step by step approaching the marshy or muddy flat lands of the Mekong delta. There it faced a new enemy. This enemy was the Khmer Empire. The empire had once been the most powerful state in the region.
By late 16th century Khmer Empire had declined. It also offered little opposition to Vietnamese encroachment. At the end of 17th century, Vietnam had invaded the lower Mekong delta. They also started to advance to the west, with a view to transform the disintegrating Khmer state into protector.
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